Shactman, Thomas Interviews with Theodore W. Kheel, 1994-1995
Collection Number: 6059 OH
Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation & Archives
Cornell University Library
DESCRIPTIVE SUMMARY
Title:
Thomas Shactman Interviews with Theodore W. Kheel, 1994-1995
Repository:
Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation & Archives
Collection Number:
6059 OH
Creator:
Kheel, Theodore W.
Shactman, Thomas
Quanitities:
8.61 cubic feet
Language:
Collection material in English
Theodore Woodrow Kheel was said to be named for both Woodrow Wilson and his political
rival Theodore Roosevelt, the result of a compromise between his politically differing
parents. The settlement presaged a career in which Kheel would be tapped by mayors,
governors, and presidents to settle disputes that were part of the nation's major
political and social transitions from post-World War II to well into the 21st century.
Born in 1914 in Brooklyn, Ted Kheel attended public high school in the Bronx. He
was awarded a Regents scholarship to Cornell University, where he attended an accelerated
undergraduate law school program permitting him to earn a bachelor's and law degree
in six years.
In private practice for a brief time after graduation from law school, Kheel soon
was offered a position as a National Labor Relations Board attorney in Washington.
Kheel's special talents as a mediator and his obvious political skills soon gave him
the opportunity to move to a new war-time agency, where he was initially hired as
principal mediation officer. By 1944, he had been appointed executive director of
the National War Labor Board, with a staff of 2,500 who were hearing 150 disputes
a week. Kheel's work at the WLB introduced him to the most important figures in the
labor movement and key government officials' contacts he would use effectively in
the future.
Following the end of World War II, Kheel returned to New York City and was drafted
by Mayor O'Dywer to serve in the city's new Labor Relations Division, which Kheel
came to head within a year. With the agreement of the mayor, Kheel was able to serve
both in this position and maintain a separate, private law practice.
In 1949, Kheel was appointed to a part-time position as impartial chairman for an
important segment of public transit in New York City, a position in which he would
render 30,000 decisions through 1982. Also in 1949, Kheel became a partner in the
New York law firm Battle, Fowler, Jaffin and Kheel. His skills in conflict resolution
led an observer to remark that the firm's work began with a battle, ended by Kheel.
During his more than half a century of involvement in labor matters, Kheel was known
above all else for his extraordinary ability to get feuding parties to make concessions
to reach an agreement. In the important New York and national labor disputes which
he would be called to mediate, Kheel's approach was to protect management rights and
at the same time demand fairness to workers while also trying to protect the public
interest in the issue.
Kheel's was frequently the voice of reason in settling a number of extremely difficult
labor disputes of the 1960s and 1970s. Mayor Robert F. Wagner, Jr., turned to Kheel
to help end the 114-day newspaper strike of 1962-63. Among his most infamous cases
was the strike involving Mike Quill, head of the Transport Workers Union, who publically
battled Mayor John V. Lindsay in 1965-66. Kheel's efforts also included helping coordinate
bargainers and mediators during the 35-day New York City teachers' strike in 1968.
President Lyndon B. Johnson summoned Kheel to Washington in 1964 to help mediate 10
days of feverish negotiations that prevented a nationwide rail walkout. Kheel would
ultimately serve as a mediator and advisor for virtually every New York mayor from
O'Dwyer to Beame, for the Kennedy-Johnson Administration, and other presidential administrations
as well.
Kheel's interests in public issues were not limited to the labor sector. The policy
disputes that came to his attention as a mediator and lawyer frequently cried out
for larger solutions, and Kheel was not averse to using his considerable public presence
and media contacts to seek redress, especially for what he viewed as past institutional
injustices or misguided government actions. Although pressed to do so on a number
of occasions, Kheel refused to run for elective office, preferring the role of a labor
neutral and public advocate.
Kheel was also not averse to backing his powers of persuasion with legal action:
a fierce advocate for public transit, he initiated a class action lawsuit over the
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey's refusal to fund mass rail transit. His
most sustained crusade for the public good related to his battle to limit commuter
auto traffic and control highway building in New York City in favor of increased use
of public transportation. Initially attacked by Port Authority officials and some
city, state, and federal politicians of both parties, many of the solutions originally
proposed by Kheel, including the concept of the subsidized fare, became public policy
in later years.
An early supporter of the civil rights movement, Kheel and his wife Ann become involved
with the New York Urban League in the 1950s. He served as its president in 1955 and
as national president for four years. He worked with President Johnson on race issues
and with Martin Luther King, Jr., in a libel suit against the New York Times. Kheel's
mediation skills led to important strides in hiring African Americans in the airline
industry. His reputation for sensitivity to minority issues resulted in his becoming
involved in efforts to add civilians to the New York City Police Review Board in 1965.
Kheel was also recruited as a peacemaker in the 1968 Ocean Hill-Brownsville Teachers
dispute.
Even though Kheel handled disputes for transit workers, typesetters, and longshoremen,
he reveled in the finer things in life, and dabbled as a restaurateur in fine food
and was a patron of the fine arts.
He once owned a stake in Le Pavillon, a leading French restaurant in Manhattan, among
others. He also represented numerous artists, including Robert Rauschenberg and Christo,
and was the prime mover in the realization of the long-heralded Gates Project in Central
Park in 2005.
He also made millions of dollars as an entrepreneur while facilitating sustainable
economic and social change. He was the lead investor in the giant Punta Cana resort,
transforming 30 miles of jungle in the Dominican Republic, and helped bring about
the airport that opened that country to tourists and travelers.
Finding the solution to problems such as the impact of automation on the workplace,
community disputes, and protecting a sustainable environment in which mankind will
flourish, to name but a few, were the focus of Kheel's interest, enthusiasm, and financial
support. He was the prime mover, bringing along like-minded citizens and specialists,
in the creation of organizations to find solutions to the more intractable issues
facing society. The Foundation on Employee Health, Medical Care and Welfare, the Foundation
on Automation and Employment (and its British counterpart), Automation House, the
Institute for Mediation and Conflict Resolution, and the Earth Pledge Foundation were
among the most successful of such efforts. In the same vein, in collaboration with
Price, Waterhouse in 1994, Kheel formed Prevention and Early Resolution of Conflicts,
Inc. (PERC), now housed at Cornell ILR as Cornell/PERC Institute.
A prolific writer, Kheel is perhaps best known for his encyclopedic work on labor
law. Throughout a career that was active almost until his death at age 96 in November
2010, he was able to balance, with amazing success, advocacy of the public good and
the management of a successful law and mediation practice and other business and cultural
interests.
Access to the collections in the Kheel Center is restricted. Please contact a reference
archivist for access to these materials.
This collection must be used in keeping with the Kheel Center Information Sheet and
Procedures for Document Use.
INFORMATION FOR USERS
Thomas Shactman Interviews with Theodore W. Kheel #6059 OH. Kheel Center for Labor-Management
Documentation and Archives, Cornell University Library.
Related Collections: 5024: Theodore W. Kheel Arbitration Awards 5776 AV: Theodore W. Kheel Interviews and Programs 6017: Theodore W. Kheel Newspaper Clipping File 6021 AV: Theodore W. Kheel Audio-Visual Materials 6021 MB: Theodore W. Kheel Memorabilia 6021 P: Theodore W. Kheel Photographs 6021/003: Theodore W. Kheel Arbitration files 6021/004: Theodore W. Kheel Legal Files 6021/005: Theodore W. Kheel Speeches and Articles 6021/006: Theodore W. Kheel Non-Profit Organization Files 6021/007: Theodore W. Kheel Subject Files 6021/009: Theodore W. Kheel Newspaper Clipping File 6021/010: Theodore W. Kheel Additional Files 6021/011: Theodore W. Kheel Punta Cana Files 6021/012m: Invitation and Program for the Theodore W. Kheel Memorial Service 6059 OH: Thomas Shactman Interviews with Theodore W. Kheel 6194 OH: College of Labor and Employment Lawyers Interview with Theodore W. Kheel 6196 OH: New York City Central Labor Council Interview of Theodore W. Kheel for Central
Archives 6207 OH: CLEL Video Oral History Project
Names:
Kheel, Theodore Woodrow
Shachtman, Tom, 1942-
CONTAINER LIST
Container
|
Description
|
Date
|
|
Box 2 |
Orig. - Interview w/Theodore Kheel - Shactman 10-26-94 -- Cassette 9 (2 discs)
|
1994 | |
Box 3 |
Orig. - Interview w/Theodore Kheel - Shactman 10-27-94 -- Cassette 10 (2 discs)
|
1994 | |
Box 4 |
Orig. - Interview w/Theodore Kheel - Shactman 10-26-94--10-31-94 -- Cassette 11 (2
discs)
|
1994 | |
Box 5 |
Orig. - Interview w/Theodore Kheel - Shactman 10-31-94 -- Cassette 12 (2 discs)
|
1994 | |
Box 6 |
Orig. - Interview w/Theodore Kheel - Shactman 10-31-94 -- Cassette 13 (2 discs)
|
1994 | |
Box 7 |
Orig. - Interview w/Theodore Kheel - Shactman 11-7-94 -- Cassette 14
|
1994 | |
Box 8 |
Orig. - Interview w/Theodore Kheel - Shactman 12-14-94 -- Cassette 15
|
1994 | |
Box 9 |
Orig. - Interview w/Theodore Kheel - Shactman 2-21-95 -- Cassette 17
|
1995 | |
Box 10 |
Orig. - Interview w/Theodore Kheel - Shactman 2-26-95 -- Cassette 19 (2 discs)
|
1995 | |
Box 11 |
Orig. - Interview w/Theodore Kheel - Shactman 3-3-95 -- Cassette 20 (2 discs)
|
1995 | |
Box 12 |
Orig. - Interview w/Theodore Kheel - Shactman 3-21-95 -- Cassette 21 (2 discs)
|
1995 | |
Box 13 |
Orig. - Interview w/Theodore Kheel - Shactman 3-29-95 -- Cassette 22 (2 discs)
|
1995 | |
Box 14 |
Orig. - Interview w/Theodore Kheel - Shactman 4-24-95 -- Cassette 23 (2 discs)
|
1995 | |
Box 15 |
Orig. - Interview w/Theodore Kheel - Shactman 4-24-95 -- Cassette 24
|
1995 | |
Box 16 |
Orig. - Interview w/Theodore Kheel - Shactman 11-2-95 -- Cassette 25
|
1995 | |
Box 17 |
use copy--Theodore Kheel Interview - Cassette 9 (2 discs)
|
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Box 18 |
use copy--Theodore Kheel Interview - Cassette 10 (2 discs)
|
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Box 19 |
use copy--Theodore Kheel Interview - Cassette 11 (2 discs)
|
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Box 20 |
use copy--Theodore Kheel Interview - Cassette 12 (2 discs)
|
||
Box 21 |
use copy--Theodore Kheel Interview - Cassette 13 (2 discs)
|
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Box 22 |
use copy--Theodore Kheel Interview - Cassette 14
|
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Box 23 |
use copy--Theodore Kheel Interview - Cassette 15
|
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Box 24 |
use copy--Theodore Kheel Interview - Cassette 17
|
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Box 25 |
use copy--Theodore Kheel Interview - Cassette 19 (2 discs)
|
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Box 26 |
use copy--Theodore Kheel Interview - Cassette 20 (2 discs)
|
||
Box 27 |
use copy--Theodore Kheel Interview - Cassette 21 (2 discs)
|
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Box 28 |
use copy--Theodore Kheel Interview - Cassette 22 (2 discs)
|
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Box 29 |
use copy--Theodore Kheel Interview - Cassette 23 (2 discs)
|
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Box 30 |
use copy--Theodore Kheel Interview - Cassette 24
|
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Box 31 |
use copy--Theodore Kheel Interview - Cassette 25
|
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Box 32 |
Transcripts and book drafts
|
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Box 32 |
Kheel Manuscript Highlights (1)
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Box 32 |
Kheel Manuscript Highlights (2)
|
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Box 32 |
Kheel Biography (Tom Shachtman) (1)
|
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Box 32 |
Kheel Biography (Tom Shachtman) (2)
|
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Box 32 |
Kheel Biography (Tom Shachtman) (3)
|
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Box 32 |
Kheel Interview Transcript (1) [Unedited]
|
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Box 32 |
Kheel Interview Transcript (2) [Unedited]
|
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Box 32 |
Kheel Interview Transcript (3) [Unedited]
|
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Box 32 |
Transcripts of Interviews with Theodore W. Kheel by Tom Shachtman - August 25, September
17 and 18 and October 19, 1994
|
1994 | |
Box 32 |
Transcript - tape 9 - 26 Oct. 1994 - copy 2
|
1994 | |
Box 32 |
Transcript - tape 10 -- 27 Oct. 1994 - copy 2
|
1994 | |
Box 32 |
Transcript - tape 11 -- 27 and 31 Oct. 1994 - copy 2
|
||
Box 32 |
Transcript - tape 12 -- 31 Oct. 1994 - copy 2
|
1994 | |
Box 32 |
Transcript - tape 13 -- 27 Oct. 1994 - copy 2 and 3
|
1994 | |
Box 32 |
Transcript - tape 14 -- 07 Nov. 1994 - copy 2
|
1994 | |
Box 32 |
Transcript - tape 15 -- 14 Dec. 1994 - copy 2
|
1994 | |
Box 32 |
Transcript - tape 17 -- 21 Feb. 1995 - copy 2
|
1995 | |
Box 32 |
Transcript - tape 19 --03 Mar. 1995 - copy 2
|
1995 | |
Box 32 |
Transcript - tape 20 -- 21 Mar. 1995 - copy 2
|
1995 | |
Box 32 |
Transcript - tape 21 -- 21 Mar. 1995 - copy 2
|
1995 | |
Box 32 |
Transcript - tape 22 -- 29 Mar. 1995 - copy 2
|
1995 | |
Box 32 |
Transcript - tape 23 -- 24 Apr. 1995 - copy 2
|
1995 | |
Box 32 |
Transcript - tape 24 -- 24 Apr. 1995 - copy 2
|
1995 | |
Box 32 |
Transcript - tape 25 -- 02 Nov. 1995 - copy 2
|
1995 | |
Box 33 |
Shachtman #9 - 10/26/1994
|
1994 | |
Box 34 |
Shachtman #10 - 10/27/1994
|
1994 | |
Box 35 |
Shachtman #11 - 10/27/1994, 10/31/1994
|
1994 | |
Box 36 |
Shachtman #12 - 10/31/1994
|
1994 | |
Box 37 |
Shachtman #13 - 10/31/1994
|
1994 | |
Box 38 |
Shachtman #14 - 11/7/1994
|
1994 | |
Box 39 |
Shachtman #15 - 12/14/1994
|
1994 | |
Box 40 |
Shachtman #17 2/21/1995
|
1995 | |
Box 41 |
Shachtman #18 - 2/26/1995
|
1995 | |
Box 42 |
Shachtman #19 - 2/26/1995, 3/3/1995
|
1995 | |
Box 43 |
Shachtman #20 - 3/3/1995, 3/21/1995
|
1995 | |
Box 44 |
Shachtman #21 - 3/21/1995
|
1995 | |
Box 45 |
Shachtman #22 - 3/29/1995
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1995 | |
Box 46 |
Shachtman #23 - 4/24/1995
|
1995 | |
Box 47 |
Shachtman #24 - 4/24/1995
|
1995 | |
Box 48 |
Shachtman #25 - 11/2/1995
|
1995 |