The Huntington Free Library Native American Collection
Plate 9. "Dacota Woman and Assiniboin Girl". Wied, Maximilian, Prinz von. Travels in the interior of North America during the years 1832-1834; illustrations by Karl Bodmer.
The Huntington Free Library's Native American Collection was transferred to Cornell University on June 15, 2004 from its former home in the Bronx, New York. One of the largest collections of books and manuscripts of its kind, the Huntington collection contains outstanding materials documenting the history, culture, languages, and arts of the native tribes of both North and South America. Contemporary politics and human rights issues are also important components of the collection.
Collection History
The core of the Huntington Free Library's Native American Collection was formed in the 1920s from the private libraries of noted anthropologists Frederick W. Hodge and Marshall H. Saville who were then employed by the Museum of the American Indian. Hodge and Saville convinced George Heye, the museum's director, that his institution needed a library. Their collections were purchased with funds from James B. Ford, a museum trustee. The James B. Ford Library opened at the museum in 1928, but the museum's expanding artifact collection soon left little room for books.
The growing Native American library collection separated from the Museum in 1930 and received a new building and staff. Heye's friend and colleague, Archer M. Huntington, volunteered to build the space to house the new library. Archer Huntington was the founder of the Hispanic Society of America, which shared Audubon Terrace with the Museum of the American Indian and several other cultural institutions. Huntington acquired land adjacent to the Huntington Free Library Reading Room at Westchester Square in the Bronx and constructed a 40' by 82' adjoining building to house the American Indian collection. The book collection of the Museum of the American Indian was transferred to the Huntington Free Library and Reading Room in late 1930, where it remained until June of 2004 when it was transferred to Cornell University Library in Ithaca, New York.
The Huntington Free Library's Native American Collection continued to grow over the course of the 20th century with subsequent gifts by Ford and many others, and through the devoted and knowledgeable care of generations of its librarians. The Huntington Free Library and Reading Room served as the library of the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, from 1930 to 1990. When the American Indian Museum was absorbed by the National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution (NMAI) in 1990, the Smithsonian Institution assumed that the Huntington Free Library's Native American Collection would accompany the artifacts it had acquired from the American Indian Museum. Fifteen years of litigation over the ownership of the Huntington Free Library collection followed. Although the Huntington Free Library ultimately won all key New York and federal court decisions, including appeals court rulings in 1994 and January 2004, the years of expensive litigation nearly ruined it financially. By 2000, the Huntington Free Library could no longer afford to care for its 40,000 volume Native American Collection.
Cornell and the Huntington Free Library
In December of 2000, Cornell University Librarian Sarah Thomas received a letter from the New York State Attorney General's Office, Charities Bureau, soliciting expressions of interest from New York state libraries and museums able and willing to take on permanent responsibility for the care of the Huntington Free Library's Native American Collection. Although there were other institutions competing to receive the collection, the Huntington Free Library's Board of Trustees ultimately chose Cornell. The strengths of the Cornell Library and its staff, the university's long history of outreach and collaboration with local Native American communities, and the eagerness of the Cornell faculty to work with the collection, made Cornell the ideal match for the Huntington Free Library's incomparable collection. Cornell Library staff worked with a team of professional art movers, and with the patient and helpful staff at the Huntington Free Library in the Bronx to transport the collection to Ithaca over the course of the summer of 2004. The rare books and manuscripts arrived at Cornell on June 16, 2004. The remainder of the collection was shipped in four container trucks in July of 2004.
Content of the Collection
The Huntington Free Library Native American Collection is comprised of more than 40,000 volumes on the archaeology, ethnology and history of the native peoples of the Americas from the colonial period to the present. Genres represented in great depth include books of voyage and exploration, missionary reports, ethnography, travel writing, native language dictionaries, captivity narratives, and children's books.
The rare portion of the Huntington Free Library Native American Collection encompasses more than 4,000 rare books, several significant manuscript collections, as well as photographs, artwork, and related materials. Highlights include a copy of John Eliot's Bible in the Natick dialect (2nd edition, 1685), an album of original drawings of American Indians by the artist George Catlin; and Edward S. Curtis's twenty-volume opus, The North American Indian.
Manuscript holdings include a letter from Mohawk leader Joseph Brant, a pictographic catechism in the Quechua language, field notes by 19th century ethnographers, and the papers of archaeological expeditions. Primary archival collections include: the Hemenway Southwestern Archaeological Expedition Papers, the Hendricks-Hodge Archaeological Expedition Field Notes; the Joseph Keppler Iroquois Papers; Clarence B. Moore's Field Notes, the Stockbridge Indian Papers, and the Women's National Indian Association Papers.
The collection also contains a large body of related ephemeral material, such as pamphlets, newspaper clippings, auction catalogs, newsletters, travel brochures, and biography files on prominent Native Americans.